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Future Feeders Blog

Thoughts, insights and experiences from the FF team

Lime Sulfur : general purpose Organic fungicide you can make at home

22/10/2014

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 A note and caution.

This is a relatively easy process, you don't need to be a chemist or a wizard.  All the ingredients are natural and safe if used with respect.  Wear gloves, a mask and eye protection of course and be warned you may end up smelling a little like a volcano.

Introduction :

Lime-sulfur is a fungicide composed of inorganic sulfur and lime and is commonly used today to control a variety of agricultural fungal diseases. In Australia it is most commonly used as a winter protectant on roses applied after pruning and you will see it for sale under a number of commercial brands in most hardware and gardening stores.

Lime-sulfur is believed to be the earliest synthetic chemical used as a pesticide, being used in the 1840s in France to control grapevine powdery mildew and save their precious wine crop!

Anti fungal preparations are common place in food production, in the 'conventional' farming world the anti-fungal arsenal is extensive and generally toxic to people, to the soil and the environment. 
To avoid putting poisons on our food Organic solutions are however significantly limited. 

While there are a range of options for combating fungal problems in the home garden, from sprays made with garlic , whey, bi-carb, Epsom salts and essential oils, for the farmer the volumes required for crop protection are at a scale that requires some something more practical.

Directions :

Lime-sulfur is a mixture of calcium polysulphides formed by reacting calcium hydroxide (commonly called “brickies lime”) with sulfur.   It is normally used as an aqueous solution for ease of application, and produces a reddish-yellow liquid with that familiar sulfuric smell.


Ingredients and Equipment
I make up 100L at a time but the ratio's can easily be reduced to make a smaller batch. However it will store well and Sulfur is much cheaper when bought by the sack.

Pure (98%) Sulfur should be available from your agricultural supplier and brickies lime / quick lime will be available from any hardware store.

20kg pure Sulfur
10kg hydrated lime / quick lime / 'brickies' lime
100L water

Step 1 :
Put your drum on some bricks and get a hot fire going under it.
Fill the drum 1/2 full with water (approx 100L) and keep the hose handy.

Step 2 :
As the water is coming to the boil, mix the sulfur with a small amount of water to form a paste

Step 3 :
When the water is boiling add all the lime at once and stir until it is dissolved.  You will need a solid stick or broom handle.

Step 4 :
Add the sulfur paste slowly so you don't splash yourself and settle in for a stir-a-thon.
Cook the liquid down for 1-2 hours.

...

You might want to tag team so your arm doesn't fall off.  Moving the thick sediment in the bottom can be a good workout that's best shared with two or more.  Its also a good idea to have an extra pair of hands on deck to keep the fire stoked and the drum topped up the water to maintain the volume as it evaporates.

All the while channel your inner alchemist, enjoy the fragrant aroma of boiling sulfur and marvel at the reaction as the color of your broth changes from pasty white, through hues or orange to a deep red.

Finally :
Allow the liquid to cool (probably overnight),  and depending on how it will be used you may need to strain it through a sieve, or sock etc.
Take the solution from the top of the sediment and strain into bottles.

I typically use a dilution of 1L in 10L water.
Most recently I have been using this application over a custard apple orchard to hopefully treat the
phytophthora fungus typical in the tropics and subtropics.   Spraying out about 1L over the trunk, lower branches (avoiding leaves) and drenching the root zone.

Notes :
  • Lime-sulfur spray is applied to the woody part of the tree only. Do not spray on foliage as it can burn the leaves.
  • Spraying time for fruit trees is dependent on location, weather conditions and indications of disease.
  • Spray when there is little or no wind and on a cooler day. Spraying when the weather is warm can stress young fruit trees.

Warnings :
  • Wear long-sleeved gloves, protective clothing and protective eye wear when handling lime-sulfur spray. The liquid is caustic and can cause burns to the skin. Keep the liquid away from children. If you have skin contact with the liquid or breathe or ingest the material, seek immediate medical assistance. Wear a face mask for spray application.
  • Bees are very susceptible to all fungicides, pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers. Do not spray while the trees are flowering and bees are in attendance to pollinate the blooms.
  • Do not spray lime-sulfur on apricot trees.

Hope this is helpful!



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Weekly Wrap: All hands on deck

21/10/2014

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You may not believe us but a whole lot of visioning, planning, thinking, talking, meeting  and (responsible) beer drinking goes on behind the scenes at Future Feeders. As if it's not enough to get a working farm off the ground and running, we're simultaneously attempting to grow a movement that champions young growers. We're not quite sure exactly how that will look yet. 

While it's sometimes difficult to justify the off-farm time, we spent 3 and half hours on Tuesday morning discussing our personal visions for FF as well as where we hoped to see our enterprise further down the track. Suffice to say, we probably could have continued all day.

We're throwing around a lot of ideas and finding inspiration in various projects happening here and across the seas. We're excited to see the development of one of the first farm incubator projects here in Australia - Farmer Incubator - and we will be following their journey with interest.

In the meantime, we crack on with our little patch of dirt. And speaking of dirt, we made a whole row of it disappear on Sunday with a little help from our friends who showed up for our very first working bee. When my brother and his partner offered to come down for a "visit" we seized the opportunity to put them and the rest of the crew to work (Surpriiiiiiiise working bee!)! 

We were incredibly grateful to have some willing and able humans actually show up on a Sunday morning to join us in the gardens. To show our appreciation our resident chef (thanks, Chef Cal) offered up a truly locally-sourced feast for lunch. We'll be putting these on monthly and we'd love to have you. We promise its not all hard work... 
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(Two) Weekly Wrap: First harvest for sales just in time for Fair Food Week!

14/10/2014

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Anais & Dane: the sweetest farm produce deliverers you ever did meet!
Oops, we missed a weekly wrap in there but you'll have to forgive us because last Tuesday we made our first harvest for sales! Not only that but all the sales we made were to businesses within a 1km radius. Take that, food miles! 

We'd especially like to thank our friends at Santos Organics for not hesitating to jump on board. These guys are well-known in the Northern Rivers for their ongoing support of local, organic farmers.

Sense of achievement doesn't begin to describe that first harvest feeling! And although we're not talking massive amounts - and can't even think about adding up the true cost of those herbs including  all the hours worked over the last 7 months since we first broke ground - it is amazing to think that something we grew actually turned into cash. 

There's a meme that gets around a bit on facebook (perhaps only if like me your feed is full of fellow farmers and foodies) that's accompanied by a Ron Finlay quote:  
"Growing your own food is like printing your own money."

I never quite got that one. "Really?," I thought, "Growing your own food is really just like... well, growing your own food. Which is great. But it's definitely not like printing your own money" I've changed my mind since Tuesday. 

Our timing has been spot on really, considering that Fair Food Week kicked off on the 10th October and will run until the 19th. If you haven't yet been turned on to this amazing initiative click on the link and explore. There are almost 100 events going on across the country in celebration of "fresh, local, community-driven food enterprises, farmers, community gardeners and eating." What's not to love?!

After our scheduled community gardens event was cancelled at the last minute, Future Feeders decided to carry on hosting an intimate tour with a small but engaged group that showed up on Saturday the 11th. Kudos goes to Joel for being committed to getting on with the job despite all odds (true to form). In his words, "you can't postpone fair food week - it's a national event!"

At Future Feeders - like many other small-scale farmers farming sustainably - its fair food week every week but this particular week is a fantastic opportunity to spread the word about ethically-produced food far and wide. Get on board. 

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